{"id":208,"date":"2025-09-01T12:38:15","date_gmt":"2025-09-01T12:38:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/neuropsychworld.com\/?p=208"},"modified":"2025-09-01T14:35:09","modified_gmt":"2025-09-01T14:35:09","slug":"autism-spectrum-disorder","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/neuropsychworld.com\/zh\/autism-spectrum-disorder\/","title":{"rendered":"\u81ea\u95ed\u75c7\u8c31\u7cfb\u969c\u788d"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u81ea\u95ed\u75c7\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u513f\u7ae5\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u8bb8\u591a\u75c7\u72b6\u4f1a\u6301\u7eed\u7ec8\u8eab\u3002\u81ea\u95ed\u75c7\u8c31\u7cfb\u969c\u788d (ASD) \u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u6807\u51c6\uff1a\u793e\u4ea4\u6c9f\u901a\u548c\u4e92\u52a8\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u91cd\u590d\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u72ed\u9698\u7684\u5f3a\u8feb\u6027\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u88ab\u8bca\u65ad\u60a3\u6709\u81ea\u95ed\u75c7\u7684\u7537\u5b69\u662f\u5973\u5b69\u7684\u56db\u5230\u4e94\u500d\uff0c\u4f46\u539f\u56e0\u5c1a\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u7236\u6bcd\u751f\u80b2\u8f83\u665a\u3001\u6000\u5b55\u671f\u95f4\u53d1\u70e7\u548c\u611f\u67d3\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e9\u4ea7\u7b49\u73af\u5883\u56e0\u7d20\u4e0e\u513f\u7ae5\u60a3\u81ea\u95ed\u75c7\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u589e\u52a0\u6709\u5173\u3002\u60a3\u6709 ASD \u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u773c\u795e\u4ea4\u6d41\u6216\u89e3\u8bfb\u793e\u4ea4\u7ebf\u7d22\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u91cd\u590d\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u5982\u6570\u6570\u3001\u6392\u5217\u7269\u4f53\u548c\u62cd\u624b\uff09\u3002\u81ea\u95ed\u75c7\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5927\u8111\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u884c\u4e3a\u602a\u5f02\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u81ea\u95ed\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u5728\u8bb0\u5fc6\u529b\u3001\u6a21\u5f0f\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u521b\u9020\u529b\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u5f88\u5f3a\u3002\u8bed\u8a00\u6cbb\u7597\u3001\u793e\u4ea4\u6280\u80fd\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u652f\u6301\u6027\u73af\u5883\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bca\u65ad\uff1a<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

DSM-5 \u4e2d\u8bca\u65ad\u81ea\u95ed\u75c7\u8c31\u7cfb\u969c\u788d\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5305\u62ec\u793e\u4ea4\u6c9f\u901a\u548c\u793e\u4ea4\u4e92\u52a8\u65b9\u9762\u7684 3 \u9879\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u751f\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u4fdd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u5e76\u975e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u7531\u53d1\u80b2\u8fdf\u7f13\u5f15\u8d77\u3002\u8981\u786e\u8bca\u81ea\u95ed\u75c7\u8c31\u7cfb\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a all three<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0of the following criteria:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u793e\u4f1a\u60c5\u611f\u4e92\u60e0<\/b><\/strong>\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u793e\u4ea4\u65b9\u5f0f\u56f0\u96be\u3001\u6765\u56de\u5bf9\u8bdd\u56f0\u96be\u3001\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u5206\u4eab\u5174\u8da3\u56f0\u96be\u4ee5\u53ca\u8868\u8fbe\/\u7406\u89e3\u60c5\u611f\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/li>\n
  2. Difficulties in nonverbal communication<\/b><\/strong>\u7528\u4e8e\u793e\u4ea4\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u773c\u795e\u4ea4\u6d41\u548c\u80a2\u4f53\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u96be\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4f7f\u7528\u9762\u90e8\u8868\u60c5\u6216\u624b\u52bf\u7b49\u975e\u8bed\u8a00\u4ea4\u6d41\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002<\/li>\n
  3. \u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u7ef4\u6301\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba<\/b><\/strong>\uff08\u7167\u987e\u8005\u9664\u5916\uff09\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u65b9\u9762\u5b58\u5728\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eba\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5174\u8da3\u3001\u96be\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u73af\u5883\u4ee5\u53ca\u96be\u4ee5\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u5206\u4eab\u5bcc\u6709\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    DSM-5 \u4e2d\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u81f3\u5c11\u4ee5\u4e0b 4 \u9879\u4e2d\u7684 2 \u9879<\/b><\/strong>\u9650\u5236\u6027\u548c\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u5174\u8da3\u6216\u6d3b\u52a8<\/b><\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u523b\u677f\u7684\u8a00\u8bed\u3001\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u3001\u6a21\u4eff\u8a00\u8bed\uff08\u91cd\u590d\u5355\u8bcd\u6216\u77ed\u8bed\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u6765\u81ea\u7535\u89c6\u8282\u76ee\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528\u7269\u4f53\u6216\u5f02\u5e38\u77ed\u8bed\u3002<\/li>\n
    2. \u4e25\u683c\u9075\u5b88\u60ef\u4f8b\u3001\u4eea\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u8a00\u8bed\u6216\u975e\u8a00\u8bed\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u6781\u5ea6\u6297\u62d2\u6539\u53d8\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u575a\u6301\u8d70\u540c\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u53bb\u4e0a\u5b66\u3001\u56e0\u4e3a\u989c\u8272\u6216\u8d28\u5730\u800c\u5403\u540c\u6837\u7684\u98df\u7269\u3001\u91cd\u590d\u540c\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff09\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60ef\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7684\u5fae\u5c0f\u53d8\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4e2a\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u975e\u5e38\u82e6\u607c\u3002<\/li>\n
    3. \u5174\u8da3\u53d7\u5230\u4e25\u91cd\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u5f3a\u5ea6\u6216\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u7269\u4f53\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u4f9d\u604b\uff0c\u6216\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u5174\u8da3\uff08\u5982\u706b\u8f66\u65f6\u523b\u8868\uff09\u7740\u8ff7\u3002<\/li>\n
    4. \u5bf9\u611f\u89c9\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u6027\u589e\u52a0\u6216\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u6216\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u611f\u89c9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5bf9\u75bc\u75db\u6ca1\u6709\u53cd\u5e94\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u7279\u5b9a\u58f0\u97f3\u3001\u8fc7\u5ea6\u89e6\u6478\u6216\u95fb\u7269\u4f53\uff0c\u6216\u5bf9\u65cb\u8f6c\u7269\u4f53\u7740\u8ff7\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u9664\u4e86\u81ea\u95ed\u75c7\u8c31\u7cfb\u969c\u788d\uff08ASD\uff09\u8bca\u65ad\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5916\uff0c\u65b0\u7248 DSM-5 \u8fd8\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5206\u7ea7\u3002\u65b0\u7248 DSM \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bc6\u522b\u6bcf\u4f4d\u60a3\u8005\u81ea\u95ed\u75c7\u8c31\u7cfb\u969c\u788d\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7b49\u7ea7\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. 1\u7ea7\u3002\u201c\u9700\u8981\u652f\u6301\u201d\uff1a\u6b64\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u96be\u4ee5\u4e3b\u52a8\u53d1\u8d77\u793e\u4ea4\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u4e3e\u52a8\u505a\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u6216\u4e0d\u6210\u529f\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5bf9\u793e\u4ea4\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e72\u6270\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e2a\u4f53\u53ef\u80fd\u96be\u4ee5\u4ece\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u4e2d\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/li>\n
      2. 2\u7ea7\u3002\u201c\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u652f\u6301\u201d\uff1a\u6b64\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u5728\u8a00\u8bed\u548c\u975e\u8a00\u8bed\u6c9f\u901a\u65b9\u9762\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u60a3\u8005\u5bf9\u53d1\u8d77\u793e\u4ea4\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u6216\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u83b7\u5f97\u652f\u6301\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e5f\u96be\u4ee5\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u5efa\u7acb\u793e\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60a3\u8005\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u548c\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u65c1\u89c2\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u6b63\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u5f53\u5174\u8da3\u548c\/\u6216\u884c\u4e3a\u53d7\u5230\u5e72\u6270\u65f6\uff0c\u60a3\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u611f\u5230\u9ad8\u5ea6\u75db\u82e6\u6216\u6cae\u4e27\u3002<\/li>\n
      3. 3\u7ea7\u3002\u201c\u9700\u8981\u975e\u5e38\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u652f\u6301\u201d\uff1a\u6b64\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u81ea\u95ed\u75c7\u8c31\u7cfb\u969c\u788d\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u529f\u80fd\u4e25\u91cd\u53d7\u635f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60a3\u8005\u5f88\u5c11\u4e3b\u52a8\u53d1\u8d77\u793e\u4ea4\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u4e3e\u52a8\u53cd\u5e94\u6781\u5c11\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8a00\u8bed\u6c9f\u901a\u80fd\u529b\u53ef\u80fd\u6781\u5176\u6709\u9650\u3002\u4e13\u6ce8\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u3001\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u4eea\u5f0f\u548c\/\u6216\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4f1a\u4e25\u91cd\u5e72\u6270\u65e5\u5e38\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u5176\u96be\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5f88\u96be\u5c06\u6b64\u7c7b\u60a3\u8005\u4ece\u56fa\u7740\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u4e2d\u8f6c\u79fb\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Autism is often considered a childhood condition, although many of its symptoms persist lifelong. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":197,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-208","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/neuropsychworld.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/208","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/neuropsychworld.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/neuropsychworld.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neuropsychworld.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neuropsychworld.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=208"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/neuropsychworld.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/208\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":244,"href":"https:\/\/neuropsychworld.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/208\/revisions\/244"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neuropsychworld.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/197"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/neuropsychworld.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=208"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neuropsychworld.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=208"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neuropsychworld.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=208"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}